Measles, once considered eliminated in the United States, is making a troubling comeback. Recent outbreaks in multiple states have raised concerns among health officials, largely due to declining vaccination rates and increased international travel. As a highly contagious virus, measles spreads rapidly among unvaccinated individuals, leading to serious complications, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems. With cases on the rise, it’s more important than ever to understand the risks, symptoms, and prevention methods. This week’s Friday Five offers things to know about measles and how to stay protected.
Measles is Extremely Contagious
Measles spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can linger in the air for up to two hours, infecting anyone who breathes it in. If other people breathe the contaminated air or touch the infected surface and then touch their eyes, nose, or mouth, they can become infected. Around 90% of unvaccinated people who come into contact with an infected person will get measles.
Symptoms Can Be Severe
Measles typically starts with high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. A few days later, a red rash appears, usually starting on the face and spreading downward. Severe complications include pneumonia, brain swelling (encephalitis), and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems.
Vaccination is the Best Protection
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective in preventing measles. Two doses provide about 97% protection against the disease. Measles vaccines are one of the most cost-effective vaccines available: 2 doses of this vaccine costs less than $2 per child. Vaccination coverage of at least 95% prevents measles outbreaks. Widespread vaccination has dramatically reduced measles cases, but outbreaks still occur in under-vaccinated communities.
Measles Can Lead to Long-Term Health Issues
Even after recovery, measles can weaken the immune system for months or even years, making people more vulnerable to other infections. Scientists have found that measles wipes out the body’s memory of bacteria and viruses. This weakens your immune system, making you more likely to get sick from other diseases. This effect can last for years.
Tracking the Outbreak in the US
The CDC website is a good resource for keeping track of national trends and outbreaks. State health departments, which report up to the CDC, are another great resource. In states where outbreaks are occurring, local and state health departments may provide more frequent updates to warn communities about outbreaks and recommend precautions or resources.
ICYMI – Our other Friday Fives.
